Frequency of Hospital Admission among COVID-19 Patients with and without Prior Vaccination

Abstract

Background: A thorough grasp of the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination requires consideration of disease attenuation, determined as whether people who develop COVID-19 in spite of vaccination have lower disease severity than unvaccinated people.

Objective: To determine the frequency of vaccination history in patients with corona virus disease and to compare the frequency of admission of corona virus infected patients with or without history of vaccination against corona virus disease.

Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out from 03rd December 2022 to 03rd  June 2023 and included 60 patients from Department of Medicine Unit I , Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Patients were assessed for their history of prior COVID-19 vaccination and were subsequently categorized into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups accordingly. The frequency of hospital admission was then compared between the two groups to evaluate the association between vaccination status and disease severity. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. 

Results:  Overall mean age was 35.05±8.99 years with male predominance (63.3%, n=38) and 36.7% (n=22) females. Among co-morbidities studied, smoking was found in 18.3% (n=11), hypertension 21.7% (n=13) and diabetes mellitus was 20.0% (n=12). Total of 60 patients, 51.7% (n=31) had history of COVID vaccination and the frequency of admission in hospital was 35.0% (n=21). Both groups were compared for admission for COVID, 14.3% (n=3) had admission for COVID in patients with COVID vaccination and 85.7% (n=18) had admission for COVID in patients without vaccination, (p=0.001).

Conclusion: We concluded that hospital admission was significantly less among patients with history of COVID-19 vaccination.