Xerostomia and its Consequences in Sjögren Syndrome: A Mini- Review

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Addressing the lesser known aspects of rheumatologic diseases, especially Sjögren Syndrome (SS), is essential to increase disease awareness and improve patient care.

Objective: To highlight oral consequences of xerostomia in Sjögren syndrome (SS).

Methods: A narrative mini-review of current literature was conducted focusing on salivary dysfunction and xerostomia in SS.

Results: The systemic aspects of Sjögren syndrome are usually well-managed, but salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia are not as well-managed. Hypofunction of salivary glands in SS results in reduced antimicrobial activity, reduced buffer capacity and reduced remineralizing capacity of saliva resulting in a pathogenic environment. Affected patients experience rapid progression of caries, periodontal disease and candidiasis, in addition to experiencing pain and discomfort. The hypofunction of salivary glands does not improve even with immunomodulatory treatment because of permanent damage and fibrosis.  

Conclusion: It is important to incorporate preventive dentistry and risk assessment in SS patients to reduce complications, morbidity and healthcare costs.